What Is Community Economic Development

What are The Pastoral Economic Communities Of Asia OR Africa?

please explain with pictures!…Describe the impact of colonization through policies of the colonizers- steps taken for the development of these communities and the impact of colonization on their development in the 18th and 19th centuries….Plzz HElp ME OR ILL DIE….!….ONLY ONE WEEK LEFT FOR SKEWL TO START!!!

Herding on the Brink
Towards a Global Survey of Pastoral Communities and
Conflict
An Occasional Working Paper from the IUCN Commission on Environmental, Economic
and Social Policy
by:
Michele Nori
Jason Switzer
Alec Crawford
International Institute for Sustainable Development
www.iisd.org/natres/security/pastoralism.asp
C omments and criticism are welcome at : mnori69@ominiverdi.com.
This paper was prepared with contributions from Jessica Brown, Dina Giannikopoulos,
Lianna Owens and Elnaz Zarrini.
All photos displayed are courtesy of the Support Program for the Pastoral Herding Sector in
Niger (PASEL in French), established by Swiss Agency for Development Cooperation, or
originals from Michele Nori.
2
Table of Contents
1. Introduction………………………………………… …………………………………………………… ……. 3
2. Pastoralism…………………………………………. …………………………………………………… ……. 5
2.1 Rangelands : The Natural Resource System …………………………………………………… …. 5
2.2 Pastoralists : The Resource Use System……………………………………………… …………… 7
2.3 Society : The Geo-Political System …………………………………………………… ……………. 10
2.4 Pastoral Vunerability …………………………………………………… …………………………………13
3. Pastoralism and Conflict …………………………………………………… …………………….. 14
3.1 Pastoralists, Insecurity and Conflict …………………………………………………… ……………. 14
3.2 Pastoral Conflicts A Sustainable Livelihoods Perspective ………………………………… 17
3.3 Effects of conflict and insecurity on pastoral livelihoods ………………………………………21
4. Sustainable Intervention………………………………………… …………………………………. 22
4.1 A History of Failures …………………………………………………… ………………………………….22
4.2 Improving Analysis: What are Pastoral Conflict Drivers? …………………………………….. 24
4.3 Identifying Entry Points: What should Development Actors do in Pastoral Regions? . 25
4.4 Moving Forward…………………………………………….. ………………………………………………27
4. 5 Conclusions…………………………………………. …………………………………………………… …. 29
3
1. Introduction
The nomad-warrior. The words evoke images of Genghis Khan sweeping through
Eurasia, and clashes across the Nile as pharaohs fought off invaders from the deserts to
the West. This image has persisted throughout history, in the biblical battle between Cain
and Abel, in the poeticised cattle-raids of the Tain, and even in present-day newscasts of
Somali shifta raiding in northeastern Kenya. Violence between shepherd and farmer is as
old as civilization itself. With such a history, is it merely coincidence that many of todays
major conflicts are fought in pastoral regions – places such as Somalia, Afghanistan,
Sudan and Palestine?
Extensive pastoral production takes
place on some 25 percent of the
worlds land area, from the drylands of
Africa (66 percent of the total
continent land area) and the Arabian
peninsula to the highlands of Asia and
Latin America. It provides 10 percent
of global meat production, and
supports some 200 million pastoral
households and herds of nearly a
billion head of camel, cattle and
smaller livestock (FAO, 2001). And
yet , despite their vital role in food
production in marginal environments, migratory herding cultures find themselves in a seemingly persistent
state of crisis. Their herds are threatened by lengthy drought and emergent diseases

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